FFmpeg coverage

Directory: ../../../ffmpeg/
File: src/libavcodec/dvdsubenc.c
Date: 2026-01-23 14:02:51
Exec Total Coverage
Lines: 210 266 78.9%
Functions: 8 9 88.9%
Branches: 136 178 76.4%
Line Branch Exec Source
1 /*
2 * DVD subtitle encoding
3 * Copyright (c) 2005 Wolfram Gloger
4 *
5 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
6 *
7 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
20 */
21 #include "avcodec.h"
22 #include "bytestream.h"
23 #include "codec_internal.h"
24 #include "dvdsub.h"
25 #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
26 #include "libavutil/bprint.h"
27 #include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
28 #include "libavutil/mem.h"
29 #include "libavutil/opt.h"
30
31 typedef struct {
32 AVClass *class;
33 uint32_t global_palette[16];
34 char *palette_str;
35 int even_rows_fix;
36 } DVDSubtitleContext;
37
38 // ncnt is the nibble counter
39 #define PUTNIBBLE(val)\
40 do {\
41 if (ncnt++ & 1)\
42 *q++ = bitbuf | ((val) & 0x0f);\
43 else\
44 bitbuf = (val) << 4;\
45 } while(0)
46
47 86 static void dvd_encode_rle(uint8_t **pq,
48 const uint8_t *bitmap, int linesize,
49 int w, int h,
50 const int cmap[256])
51 {
52 uint8_t *q;
53 86 unsigned int bitbuf = 0;
54 int ncnt;
55 int x, y, len, color;
56
57 86 q = *pq;
58
59
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 1649 for (y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
60 1563 ncnt = 0;
61
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 119769 for(x = 0; x < w; x += len) {
62 118206 color = bitmap[x];
63
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 473056 for (len=1; x+len < w; ++len)
64
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 471493 if (bitmap[x+len] != color)
65 116643 break;
66 118206 color = cmap[color];
67
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 118206 av_assert0(color < 4);
68
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 118206 if (len < 0x04) {
69
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 94474 PUTNIBBLE((len << 2)|color);
70
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 23732 } else if (len < 0x10) {
71
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 21030 PUTNIBBLE(len >> 2);
72
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 21030 PUTNIBBLE((len << 2)|color);
73
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 2702 } else if (len < 0x40) {
74
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 1843 PUTNIBBLE(0);
75
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 1843 PUTNIBBLE(len >> 2);
76
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 1843 PUTNIBBLE((len << 2)|color);
77
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 859 } else if (x+len == w) {
78
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 321 PUTNIBBLE(0);
79
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 321 PUTNIBBLE(0);
80
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 321 PUTNIBBLE(0);
81
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 321 PUTNIBBLE(color);
82 } else {
83
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 538 if (len > 0xff)
84 26 len = 0xff;
85
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 538 PUTNIBBLE(0);
86
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 538 PUTNIBBLE(len >> 6);
87
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 538 PUTNIBBLE(len >> 2);
88
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 538 PUTNIBBLE((len << 2)|color);
89 }
90 }
91 /* end of line */
92
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 1563 if (ncnt & 1)
93
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 739 PUTNIBBLE(0);
94 1563 bitmap += linesize;
95 }
96
97 86 *pq = q;
98 86 }
99
100 45795 static int color_distance(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
101 {
102 45795 int r = 0, d, i;
103 45795 int alpha_a = 8, alpha_b = 8;
104
105
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 228975 for (i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8) {
106 183180 d = alpha_a * (int)((a >> i) & 0xFF) -
107 183180 alpha_b * (int)((b >> i) & 0xFF);
108 183180 r += d * d;
109 183180 alpha_a = a >> 28;
110 183180 alpha_b = b >> 28;
111 }
112 45795 return r;
113 }
114
115 /**
116 * Count colors used in a rectangle, quantizing alpha and grouping by
117 * nearest global palette entry.
118 */
119 43 static void count_colors(AVCodecContext *avctx, unsigned hits[33],
120 const AVSubtitleRect *r)
121 {
122 43 DVDSubtitleContext *dvdc = avctx->priv_data;
123 43 unsigned count[256] = { 0 };
124 43 uint32_t *palette = (uint32_t *)r->data[1];
125 uint32_t color;
126 43 int x, y, i, j, match, d, best_d, av_uninit(best_j);
127 43 uint8_t *p = r->data[0];
128
129
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 1606 for (y = 0; y < r->h; y++) {
130
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 473710 for (x = 0; x < r->w; x++)
131 472147 count[*(p++)]++;
132 1563 p += r->linesize[0] - r->w;
133 }
134
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 11051 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
135
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 11008 if (!count[i]) /* avoid useless search */
136 10836 continue;
137 172 color = palette[i];
138 /* 0: transparent, 1-16: semi-transparent, 17-33 opaque */
139
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 172 match = color < 0x33000000 ? 0 : color < 0xCC000000 ? 1 : 17;
140
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 172 if (match) {
141 86 best_d = INT_MAX;
142
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 1462 for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
143 1376 d = color_distance(0xFF000000 | color,
144 1376 0xFF000000 | dvdc->global_palette[j]);
145
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 1376 if (d < best_d) {
146 172 best_d = d;
147 172 best_j = j;
148 }
149 }
150 86 match += best_j;
151 }
152 172 hits[match] += count[i];
153 }
154 43 }
155
156 43 static void select_palette(AVCodecContext *avctx, int out_palette[4],
157 int out_alpha[4], unsigned hits[33])
158 {
159 43 DVDSubtitleContext *dvdc = avctx->priv_data;
160 int i, j, bright, mult;
161 uint32_t color;
162 43 int selected[4] = { 0 };
163 43 uint32_t pseudopal[33] = { 0 };
164 43 uint32_t refcolor[3] = { 0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFF000000 };
165
166 /* Bonus for transparent: if the rectangle fits tightly the text, the
167 background color can be quite rare, but it would be ugly without it */
168 43 hits[0] *= 16;
169 /* Bonus for bright colors */
170
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 731 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
171
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 688 if (!(hits[1 + i] + hits[17 + i]))
172 602 continue; /* skip unused colors to gain time */
173 86 color = dvdc->global_palette[i];
174 86 bright = 0;
175
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 344 for (j = 0; j < 3; j++, color >>= 8)
176
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 258 bright += (color & 0xFF) < 0x40 || (color & 0xFF) >= 0xC0;
177 86 mult = 2 + FFMIN(bright, 2);
178 86 hits[ 1 + i] *= mult;
179 86 hits[17 + i] *= mult;
180 }
181
182 /* Select four most frequent colors */
183
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 215 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
184
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 5848 for (j = 0; j < 33; j++)
185
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 5676 if (hits[j] > hits[selected[i]])
186 129 selected[i] = j;
187 172 hits[selected[i]] = 0;
188 }
189
190 /* Order the colors like in most DVDs:
191 0: background, 1: foreground, 2: outline */
192
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 731 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
193 688 pseudopal[ 1 + i] = 0x80000000 | dvdc->global_palette[i];
194 688 pseudopal[17 + i] = 0xFF000000 | dvdc->global_palette[i];
195 }
196
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 172 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
197 129 int best_d = color_distance(refcolor[i], pseudopal[selected[i]]);
198
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 387 for (j = i + 1; j < 4; j++) {
199 258 int d = color_distance(refcolor[i], pseudopal[selected[j]]);
200
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 258 if (d < best_d) {
201 ✗ FFSWAP(int, selected[i], selected[j]);
202 ✗ best_d = d;
203 }
204 }
205 }
206
207 /* Output */
208
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 215 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
209
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 172 out_palette[i] = selected[i] ? (selected[i] - 1) & 0xF : 0;
210
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 172 out_alpha [i] = !selected[i] ? 0 : selected[i] < 17 ? 0x80 : 0xFF;
211 }
212 43 }
213
214 43 static void build_color_map(AVCodecContext *avctx, int cmap[],
215 const uint32_t palette[],
216 const int out_palette[], unsigned int const out_alpha[])
217 {
218 43 DVDSubtitleContext *dvdc = avctx->priv_data;
219 int i, j, d, best_d;
220 uint32_t pseudopal[4];
221
222
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 215 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
223 172 pseudopal[i] = (out_alpha[i] << 24) |
224 172 dvdc->global_palette[out_palette[i]];
225
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 11051 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
226 11008 best_d = INT_MAX;
227
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 55040 for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
228 44032 d = color_distance(pseudopal[j], palette[i]);
229
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 44032 if (d < best_d) {
230 11094 cmap[i] = j;
231 11094 best_d = d;
232 }
233 }
234 }
235 43 }
236
237 ✗ static void copy_rectangle(AVSubtitleRect *dst, AVSubtitleRect *src, int cmap[])
238 {
239 int x, y;
240 uint8_t *p, *q;
241
242 ✗ p = src->data[0];
243 ✗ q = dst->data[0] + (src->x - dst->x) +
244 ✗ (src->y - dst->y) * dst->linesize[0];
245 ✗ for (y = 0; y < src->h; y++) {
246 ✗ for (x = 0; x < src->w; x++)
247 ✗ *(q++) = cmap[*(p++)];
248 ✗ p += src->linesize[0] - src->w;
249 ✗ q += dst->linesize[0] - src->w;
250 }
251 ✗ }
252
253 43 static int dvdsub_encode(AVCodecContext *avctx,
254 uint8_t *outbuf, int outbuf_size,
255 const AVSubtitle *h)
256 {
257 43 DVDSubtitleContext *dvdc = avctx->priv_data;
258 uint8_t *q, *qq;
259 int offset1, offset2;
260 43 int i, rects = h->num_rects, ret;
261 43 unsigned global_palette_hits[33] = { 0 };
262 int cmap[256];
263 int out_palette[4];
264 int out_alpha[4];
265 AVSubtitleRect vrect;
266 43 uint8_t *vrect_data = NULL;
267 int x2, y2;
268 43 int forced = 0;
269
270
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 43 if (rects == 0 || !h->rects)
271 ✗ return AVERROR(EINVAL);
272
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 86 for (i = 0; i < rects; i++)
273
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 43 if (h->rects[i]->type != SUBTITLE_BITMAP) {
274 ✗ av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Bitmap subtitle required\n");
275 ✗ return AVERROR(EINVAL);
276 }
277 /* Mark this subtitle forced if any of the rectangles is forced. */
278
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 86 for (i = 0; i < rects; i++)
279
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 43 if ((h->rects[i]->flags & AV_SUBTITLE_FLAG_FORCED) != 0) {
280 ✗ forced = 1;
281 ✗ break;
282 }
283
284 43 vrect = *h->rects[0];
285
286
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 43 if (rects > 1) {
287 /* DVD subtitles can have only one rectangle: build a virtual
288 rectangle containing all actual rectangles.
289 The data of the rectangles will be copied later, when the palette
290 is decided, because the rectangles may have different palettes. */
291 ✗ int xmin = h->rects[0]->x, xmax = xmin + h->rects[0]->w;
292 ✗ int ymin = h->rects[0]->y, ymax = ymin + h->rects[0]->h;
293 ✗ for (i = 1; i < rects; i++) {
294 ✗ xmin = FFMIN(xmin, h->rects[i]->x);
295 ✗ ymin = FFMIN(ymin, h->rects[i]->y);
296 ✗ xmax = FFMAX(xmax, h->rects[i]->x + h->rects[i]->w);
297 ✗ ymax = FFMAX(ymax, h->rects[i]->y + h->rects[i]->h);
298 }
299 ✗ vrect.x = xmin;
300 ✗ vrect.y = ymin;
301 ✗ vrect.w = xmax - xmin;
302 ✗ vrect.h = ymax - ymin;
303 ✗ if ((ret = av_image_check_size(vrect.w, vrect.h, 0, avctx)) < 0)
304 ✗ return ret;
305
306 /* Count pixels outside the virtual rectangle as transparent */
307 ✗ global_palette_hits[0] = vrect.w * vrect.h;
308 ✗ for (i = 0; i < rects; i++)
309 ✗ global_palette_hits[0] -= h->rects[i]->w * h->rects[i]->h;
310 }
311
312
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 86 for (i = 0; i < rects; i++)
313 43 count_colors(avctx, global_palette_hits, h->rects[i]);
314 43 select_palette(avctx, out_palette, out_alpha, global_palette_hits);
315
316
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 43 if (rects > 1) {
317 ✗ if (!(vrect_data = av_calloc(vrect.w, vrect.h)))
318 ✗ return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
319 ✗ vrect.data [0] = vrect_data;
320 ✗ vrect.linesize[0] = vrect.w;
321 ✗ for (i = 0; i < rects; i++) {
322 ✗ build_color_map(avctx, cmap, (uint32_t *)h->rects[i]->data[1],
323 out_palette, out_alpha);
324 ✗ copy_rectangle(&vrect, h->rects[i], cmap);
325 }
326 ✗ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
327 ✗ cmap[i] = i;
328 } else {
329 43 build_color_map(avctx, cmap, (uint32_t *)h->rects[0]->data[1],
330 out_palette, out_alpha);
331 }
332
333 43 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Selected palette:");
334
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 215 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
335 172 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " 0x%06"PRIx32"@@%02x (0x%x,0x%x)",
336 172 dvdc->global_palette[out_palette[i]], out_alpha[i],
337 172 out_palette[i], out_alpha[i] >> 4);
338 43 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "\n");
339
340 // encode data block
341 43 q = outbuf + 4;
342 43 offset1 = q - outbuf;
343 // worst case memory requirement: 1 nibble per pixel..
344
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 43 if ((q - outbuf) + vrect.w * vrect.h / 2 + 17 + 21 > outbuf_size) {
345 ✗ av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "dvd_subtitle too big\n");
346 ✗ ret = AVERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
347 ✗ goto fail;
348 }
349 43 dvd_encode_rle(&q, vrect.data[0], vrect.w * 2,
350 43 vrect.w, (vrect.h + 1) >> 1, cmap);
351 43 offset2 = q - outbuf;
352 43 dvd_encode_rle(&q, vrect.data[0] + vrect.w, vrect.w * 2,
353 43 vrect.w, vrect.h >> 1, cmap);
354
355
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 43 if (dvdc->even_rows_fix && (vrect.h & 1)) {
356 // Work-around for some players that want the height to be even.
357 ✗ vrect.h++;
358 ✗ *q++ = 0x00; // 0x00 0x00 == empty row, i.e. fully transparent
359 ✗ *q++ = 0x00;
360 }
361
362 // set data packet size
363 43 qq = outbuf + 2;
364 43 bytestream_put_be16(&qq, q - outbuf);
365
366 // send start display command
367 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, (h->start_display_time*90) >> 10);
368 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, (q - outbuf) /*- 2 */ + 8 + 12 + 2);
369 43 *q++ = 0x03; // palette - 4 nibbles
370 43 *q++ = (out_palette[3] << 4) | out_palette[2];
371 43 *q++ = (out_palette[1] << 4) | out_palette[0];
372 43 *q++ = 0x04; // alpha - 4 nibbles
373 43 *q++ = (out_alpha[3] & 0xF0) | (out_alpha[2] >> 4);
374 43 *q++ = (out_alpha[1] & 0xF0) | (out_alpha[0] >> 4);
375
376 // 12 bytes per rect
377 43 x2 = vrect.x + vrect.w - 1;
378 43 y2 = vrect.y + vrect.h - 1;
379
380
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 43 if ((avctx->width > 0 && x2 > avctx->width) ||
381
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 43 (avctx->height > 0 && y2 > avctx->height)) {
382 ✗ av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "canvas_size(%d:%d) is too small(%d:%d) for render\n",
383 avctx->width, avctx->height, x2, y2);
384 ✗ ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
385 ✗ goto fail;
386 }
387 43 *q++ = 0x05;
388 // x1 x2 -> 6 nibbles
389 43 *q++ = vrect.x >> 4;
390 43 *q++ = (vrect.x << 4) | ((x2 >> 8) & 0xf);
391 43 *q++ = x2;
392 // y1 y2 -> 6 nibbles
393 43 *q++ = vrect.y >> 4;
394 43 *q++ = (vrect.y << 4) | ((y2 >> 8) & 0xf);
395 43 *q++ = y2;
396
397 43 *q++ = 0x06;
398 // offset1, offset2
399 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, offset1);
400 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, offset2);
401
402 43 *q++ = forced ? 0x00 : 0x01; // start command
403 43 *q++ = 0xff; // terminating command
404
405 // send stop display command last
406 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, (h->end_display_time*90) >> 10);
407 43 bytestream_put_be16(&q, (q - outbuf) - 2 /*+ 4*/);
408 43 *q++ = 0x02; // set end
409 43 *q++ = 0xff; // terminating command
410
411 43 qq = outbuf;
412 43 bytestream_put_be16(&qq, q - outbuf);
413
414 43 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "subtitle_packet size=%td\n", q - outbuf);
415 43 ret = q - outbuf;
416
417 43 fail:
418 43 av_free(vrect_data);
419 43 return ret;
420 }
421
422 1 static int bprint_to_extradata(AVCodecContext *avctx, struct AVBPrint *buf)
423 {
424 int ret;
425 char *str;
426
427 1 ret = av_bprint_finalize(buf, &str);
428
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 1 if (ret < 0)
429 ✗ return ret;
430
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 1 if (!av_bprint_is_complete(buf)) {
431 ✗ av_free(str);
432 ✗ return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
433 }
434
435 1 avctx->extradata = str;
436 /* Note: the string is NUL terminated (so extradata can be read as a
437 * string), but the ending character is not accounted in the size (in
438 * binary formats you are likely not supposed to mux that character). When
439 * extradata is copied, it is also padded with AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE
440 * zeros. */
441 1 avctx->extradata_size = buf->len;
442 1 return 0;
443 }
444
445 1 static av_cold int dvdsub_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
446 {
447 1 DVDSubtitleContext *dvdc = avctx->priv_data;
448 static const uint32_t default_palette[16] = {
449 0x000000, 0x0000FF, 0x00FF00, 0xFF0000,
450 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0xFFFFFF,
451 0x808000, 0x8080FF, 0x800080, 0x80FF80,
452 0x008080, 0xFF8080, 0x555555, 0xAAAAAA,
453 };
454 AVBPrint extradata;
455 int i, ret;
456
457 av_assert0(sizeof(dvdc->global_palette) == sizeof(default_palette));
458
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 1 if (dvdc->palette_str) {
459 ✗ ff_dvdsub_parse_palette(dvdc->global_palette, dvdc->palette_str);
460 } else {
461 1 memcpy(dvdc->global_palette, default_palette, sizeof(dvdc->global_palette));
462 }
463
464 1 av_bprint_init(&extradata, 0, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_AUTOMATIC);
465
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 1 if (avctx->width && avctx->height)
466 1 av_bprintf(&extradata, "size: %dx%d\n", avctx->width, avctx->height);
467 1 av_bprintf(&extradata, "palette:");
468
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 17 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
469
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 16 av_bprintf(&extradata, " %06"PRIx32"%c",
470 16 dvdc->global_palette[i] & 0xFFFFFF, i < 15 ? ',' : '\n');
471
472 1 ret = bprint_to_extradata(avctx, &extradata);
473
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 1 if (ret < 0)
474 ✗ return ret;
475
476 1 return 0;
477 }
478
479 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(DVDSubtitleContext, x)
480 #define SE AV_OPT_FLAG_SUBTITLE_PARAM | AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
481 static const AVOption options[] = {
482 {"palette", "set the global palette", OFFSET(palette_str), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { .str = NULL }, 0, 0, SE },
483 {"even_rows_fix", "Make number of rows even (workaround for some players)", OFFSET(even_rows_fix), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, {.i64 = 0}, 0, 1, SE},
484 { NULL },
485 };
486
487 static const AVClass dvdsubenc_class = {
488 .class_name = "VOBSUB subtitle encoder",
489 .item_name = av_default_item_name,
490 .option = options,
491 .version = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
492 };
493
494 const FFCodec ff_dvdsub_encoder = {
495 .p.name = "dvdsub",
496 CODEC_LONG_NAME("DVD subtitles"),
497 .p.type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE,
498 .p.id = AV_CODEC_ID_DVD_SUBTITLE,
499 .init = dvdsub_init,
500 FF_CODEC_ENCODE_SUB_CB(dvdsub_encode),
501 .p.priv_class = &dvdsubenc_class,
502 .priv_data_size = sizeof(DVDSubtitleContext),
503 };
504